天之聪教育 2014-10-27 天之聪网校 701次

第一部分 英译汉

Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.

In Bykovsky, a village of 457 on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil, at a rate of 15 to 18 feet a year.

"It is practically all ice - permafrost - and it is thawing." For the four million people who live north of the Arctic Circle, a changing climate presents new opportunities. But it also threatens their environment, their homes and, for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.

A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit villages at a projected cost of $100 million or more for each one.

Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.

In Finnmark, Norway's northernmost province, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.

A changing Arctic is felt there, too. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.

Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.

And yet no amount of government support can convince Mr. Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman, he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring were melting the top layers of snow, which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.

"The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns," said Mr. Eira, sitting inside his home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it."

A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. The discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil and, soon, liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed to markets in Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

天之聪网校参考译文：

随着全球变暖，海冰逐渐融化，海水水位上涨，侵蚀着北极圈附近的沿海居住区。

位于俄罗斯东北海岸的拜考夫斯凯村（Bykovsky）居住着457名村民，这里的海岸线逐渐受到侵蚀，每年以15至18英尺的速度后退，日益逼近村舍和取暖用油桶。

“这里实际上是永冻层，全是冰，而现在冰层都在融化。”对于生活在北极圈以北的400万居民来说，气候变化带来了新机遇，但也对他们的生活环境和住所构成了威胁。很多居民世代生活在冰天雪地的荒野里，形成了自己独特的文化习俗，气候变化给当地文化保护工作也同样带来了威胁。

随着北冰洋海冰日渐融化，人们开始加速开发北极地区，这对于生活在极地的居民来说利弊兼有。在巴伦支海和卡拉海地区发现了大型油田后，人们不禁担心，满载着石油（不久后还会有液化气）的船只穿行斯堪的纳维亚沿岸的渔场前往欧洲和北美市场的途中可能会发生灾难性事故。随着北极地区能源工业的蓬勃发展，发电厂、烟囱和大型运输工具等配套设备、设施相继建立或出现，这片未被人类染指的净土也终将会受到污染。

阿拉斯加也面临海岸线遭受侵蚀的问题。对此，美国政府计划对因纽特人居住的几个村庄进行迁移，每个村庄的迁移成本预计在1亿美元以上。

北极地区的土著部落几百年来都生活在冰封雪冻的极端自然环境里，形成了自己独特的文化传统。现在，他们开始注意到天气和野生动物的变化，也在积极努力去适应气候变化，但这又谈何容易。

在挪威最北端的芬马克省，冬末时节的北极地区是一望无际的雪域景象，万籁俱寂，偶尔能听到驯鹿的嘶鸣声和养鹿人驾驶的雪地摩托发出的轰鸣声。

即使在这里也能感受到气候变化的影响。现年31岁的养鹿人埃拉说，“驯鹿越来越不开心。”

挪威的环保工作和土著文化保护工作走在世界前列。挪威政府拿出相当部分的石油收入用来保护这里的土著文化，萨米文化也由此迎来了复兴。

埃拉的生活与驯鹿已经密不可分。然而，他认为，无论政府投入多少资金用于土著文化保护，他的生活方式也终将会发生变化。像德克萨斯州的牧场主一样，埃拉不愿透露自己养了多少头驯鹿。不过，他说春秋季节天气转暖使得雪地的上层融化，之后融化的雪水（到了夏冬季节）再次结冰，驯鹿想要吃到底层的地衣就更不容易了。

“他们决策者都住在（北极圈）以南的城镇里，” 埃拉坐在自己用鹿皮搭建的屋子里说道，“观察不到气候的真实变化。只有生活在大自然里、以大自然为生的人才能体会得到。”

第二部分：汉译英

维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，与世界各国一道，共同致力于建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共同利益结合起来，坚持奉行防御性的国防政策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略，旨在维护国家安全统一，确保实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。

中国在经济不断发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化，是适应世界新军事变革发展趋势、维护国家安全和发展利益的需要。中国不会与任何国家进行军备竞赛，不会对任何国家构成军事威胁。新世纪新阶段，中国把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，积极推进中国特色军事变革，努力实现国防和军队建设全面协调可持续发展。

官方参考译文：

To uphold world peace, promote common development and seek cooperation and win-win is the common wish of the people around the world and an irresistible trend of our times.

Committed to peace, development and cooperation, China pursues a road of peaceful development, and endeavors to build, together with other countries, a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.

Never before has China been so closely bound up with the rest of the world as it is today. The Chinese government works to advance both the fundamental interests of the Chinese people and the common interests of the peoples of the rest of the world, and pursues a defense policy which is purely defensive in nature. China's national defense, in keeping with and contributing to the country's development and security strategies, aims at maintaining national security and unity, and ensuring the realization of the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way. China is determined to remain a staunch force for global peace, security and stability.

China's national defense and military modernization, conducted on the basis of steady economic development, is the requirement of keeping up with new trends in the global revolution and development in military affairs, and of maintaining China's national security and development. China will not engage in any arms race or pose a military threat to any other country. At the new stage in the new century, we will take the scientific development outlook as an important guiding principle for the building of national defense and military affairs, vigorously advance the revolution in military affairs with Chinese features, and strive to realize an all-round, coordinated and sustainable development in our country's national defense and military capabilities.

天之聪网校参考译文：

Universal peace, common/inclusive development and win-win cooperation represent the shared aspiration of all peoples across the world/a universal aspiration and an irresistible/irreversible trend of our times. As such/In this context, China remains committed to peaceful development and stands ready/poised to work with the rest of the world/join in global efforts to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity/where all live in peace and prosperity/where peace prevails and prosperity reaches all corners/a world of peace and prosperity for all.

Never before in history has China been so closely linked to/interlinked with/interconnected with/integrated with the outside world. As the Chinese government bears in mind both the fundamental interests of its people and the common interests of the global community, it pursues a national defense policy that is defensive in nature. When it comes to national defense, China acts in line with and in the strategic interest of national development and security. China’s national defense aims to safeguard national security and unity and secure the building of a well-off society in all aspects. China remains a staunch force behind/for world peace, security and stability now and forever.

China’s push for defense and military modernization amid/on the back of its ongoing economic boom follows/conforms with/consists with the emerging global trend of military upgrading and comes as a safeguard for national security and development gains. China will refrain from entering an arms race with any other country, and will constitute/pose no military threat to anyone./China will not enter …, neither will it … At the new development stage in the new century, we are, guided ed by scientific outlook on development, pushing for/pressing ahead with/moving forward with military reform with distinctive Chinese features to modernize national defense and the army in a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable way. /At this point, China is committed to military reform with distinctive Chinese features. Guided by scientific outlook on development in this endeavor, we are working to modernize national defense and the army in a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable fashion.